Décarie, bur. It is not an antibiotic. It will not treat a urinary tract infection (). View Pyridium 100mg Tablet (strip of 10. It helps reduce bladder pain and burning, which can be side effects of UTIs. If pterygium grows, your vision may be blocked or blurred. Rare but serious side effects associated with phenazopyridine (occurring in <1%) include: acute kidney failure, hemolytic anemia, hepatitis ( liver injury), and. 6 mg of methenamine, 9 mg of benzoic acid, 36. Azo-Standard has an average rating of 8. Children—The dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. Of the total drug interactions, 19 are major, and 34 are moderate. 8 mg of sodium phosphate monobasic, 36 mg of phenyl salicylate, 10 mg of methylene blue, and 0. Diarrhea, nausea, headache, vaginal discomfort, or dizziness may occur. I've been prescribed medication but I. It is used for the relief of burning, pain, frequent urge to urinate, and other discomforts associated with irritation or infection of the urinary tract. Pyridium (Phenazopyridine HCL) is an oral medication prescribed to treat the symptoms of urinary tract irritation such as burning, pain, or the urgent need to urinate frequently. Nausea. com. 0 tablets) uses, composition, side-effects, price, substitutes, drug interactions, precautions, warnings, expert advice and buy online at best price on 1mg. Brahmbhatt says. 7% in girls and 2. Precautions. Davis PT Collection is a subscription-based resource from McGraw Hill that features trusted content from the best minds in PT. Checkout Pyridium 200mg Tablet 10'S benefits, dosage, precautions & other information at Netmeds. This medicine does not cure the urinary tract infection but relieves the symptoms associated. due to polyuria or diabetes insipidus (increased 24-hr volume), diabetes mellitus (elevated specific gravity), or just a random dilute specimen (recent fluid consumption) dark yellow urine. You may not want to wear your contacts while taking this medicine. Sign up for free. In fact, many people start to feel the medication working within 20 minutes to 1 hour of taking it. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. The active ingredient in this medication is Phenazopyridine. Pyridinium chloride. com. Phenazopyridine is a dye that works as a. Pharm unit 3 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. HysterSisters. View this answer. Calcium oxalate crystals are usually found in acidic urine. dizziness, and. With isolated verbal deafness, the patient hears but does not understand spoken language. Patient Assistance & Copay Programs for Phenazopyridine. Abstract In this Review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding and design of N-functionalized pyridinium scaffolds as redox-active, single-electron, functional group transfer reagents. 2005. It is not an antibiotic. Reinforcing short-term use is designed to make sure the patient is. Pyroxenes are abundant primary minerals in basalt, peridotite, and other mafic igneous rocks. Let hydrogen peroxide work for about 3 to 5 minutes without rubbing the cloth. Do not chew or crush the tablets as it may cause your teeth to become stained; swallow them whole with a full glass of water. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A patient mentions that bladder cancer runs in his family. Commonly used for bladder discomfort, both prescription and OTC forms are available. cause: Concentrated Specimen. It works by numbing the lining of the urinary tract, which decreases pain. yellow eyes or skin. Symptomatic relief of pain, burning, urgency, frequency, and other discomforts resulting from irritation of the lower urinary tract mucosa caused by infection, trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or the passage of sounds or catheters. PHENAZOPYRIDINE (fen az oh PEER i deen) relieves symptoms caused by irritation of the urinary tract, such as pain, burning, and passing frequent small amounts of urine. Pyrethrin is an insecticide that kills a wide range of insect pests including ants, mosquitoes, moths, flies and fleas. When your body processes it, your urine can take on an orange or reddish color. Although urobilinogen is normally found in the urine, higher or lower levels may be a sign of a liver problem. These symptoms may arise from infection, trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or the passage of sounds or catheters. blue or purple appearance of your skin. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Eighteen women with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence awaiting surgery and 23 normal, asymptomatic, continent female volunteers took part in a study to compare the accuracy of a qualitative pad test with a quantitative pad-weighing test in detecting urine loss. However, it is crucial to understand. Rhabdomyolysis. Several important effects to know about: short-term there is a risk of increased drowsines. jump to content. SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PREPARATION:Test the urine specimen as soon as possible. DESCRIPTION Pyridium® (Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride) is light or dark red to dark violet, odorless, slightly bitter, crystalline powder. A dose recomendada de PYRIDIUM ® é de 200 mg a cada 8 horas. Phenazopyridine HCl is excreted in the urine where it exerts a topical analgesic effect on the mucosa. Urinary urgency and frequency are also typical. Regular urine color ranges from clear to pale yellow. info How to use GoodRx coupons. These purely organic molecules were designed using pyridinium as the electron acceptor, which have the deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and connected with meta-oriented phenyl donors, CZ and tBuCZ. Give one Tylenol No #2 PO. For this test, the patient takes oral phenazopyridine (Pyridium) 200 mg three times a day, and indigo carmine or methylene blue is filled into the empty urinary bladder via a urethral catheter. 41,775 satisfied customers. insulin. You're dealing with a buffer solution that contains pyridine, #"C"_5"H"_5"N"#, a weak base, and pyridinium chloride, #"C"_5"H"_5"NHCl"#, the salt of its conjugate acid, the pyridinium cation, #"C"_5"H"_5"NH"^(+)#. com. Phenazopyridine alleviates discomfort while the antibiotic starts working. Side effects that you should report to your care team as soon as possible: Allergic reactions—skin rash, itching, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. When your body processes it, your urine can take on an orange or reddish color. Easy bruising/bleeding. Pyridium contains the active ingredient phenazopyridine, while Azo contains the active ingredient phenazopyridine hydrochloride. 7 mg/dL; estimated glomerular filtration rate, 12. The primary outcome. Take this drug with a full glass of water. picolines, lutidines, collidines. skin rash. 54% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 24% reported a negative effect. , phenazopyridine is available only with your doctor's prescription. 69% of reviewers reported a positive experience, while 23% reported a negative experience. weight gain. Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) relieves pain and other symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Mechanism of action. Phenazopyridine is used in the treatment of Pain relief. Phenazopyridine is a painkiller (analgesic) available by prescription and over the counter, used to relieve pain and discomfort in the lower urinary tract. Bull. 1. Kattah, MD 2. 69% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 23% reported a negative effect. The solution is to. You may use the study as a second opinion to make health care decisions. Certain types of chemotherapy drugs. 3 out of 10 from a total of 35 ratings on Drugs. Oxybutynin has an average rating of 6. Precautions. 00 off your first fill of Pyridium. 69% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 23% reported a negative effect. Pyridium (phenazopyridine) as low as. The cost for Pyridium oral tablet 100 mg is around $476 for a supply of 100 tablets, depending on the pharmacy you visit. 5 L/day to minimize bladder fullness, which could cause backward pressure on the kidneys. If testing cannot be done within two hours after voiding, refrigerate theADME-Tox Approaches. In the recommended dosages, Buscopan relieves smooth muscle spasm rapidly. upset stomach. This medication may be toxic to pets and should never be administered to animals. The cost for phenazopyridine oral tablet 200 mg is around $17 for a supply of 6. Contraindications for Pyridium Use-3. blue or purple appearance of your skin. 69% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 23% reported a negative effect. Objective: To describe the use of oral phenazopyridine (Pyridium) prior to pelvic surgery to facilitate intraoperative confirmation of ureteric patency. 00 off your first fill of Phenazopyridine. Cause:recent fluid consumption. 3. Each woman took 600 mg. It is not an antibiotic. methemoglobinemia. Some also are metamorphic minerals in high. 2005. Limit his fluid intake to 1. This colourless, hygroscopic solid is the product of the oxidation of pyridine. The precise mechanism of action is unknown. Family Medicine 18 years experience. Methods: This population-based, cross. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, Pyridium is thought to provide relief of symptoms of UTIs by acting as a local. 69% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 23% reported a negative. Although safe for use during pregnancy, it should not be taken for more than two days. In order to be able to use the Henderson - Hasselbalch equation, which for a buffer that contains a weak base and its conjugate. 6 mL/min per 1. Phenazopyridine Pregnancy Warnings. When used concomitantly with an antibacterial agent for the treatment of a urinary tract infection, the administration of Phenazopyridine HCl should not exceed 2 days. You can also browse global suppliers,vendor,prices,Price,manufacturers of Pyridinium. prilocaine topical. Phenazopyridine has an average rating of 7. Pyridine is used to dissolve other substances. It usually is taken three times a day after meals. . 3 out of 10 from a total of 35 ratings on Drugs. pyroxene, any of a group of important rock-forming silicate minerals of variable composition, among which calcium-, magnesium-, and iron-rich varieties predominate. Updated: Feb 21, 2020 Published Nov 27, 2011. Also if it helps. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Absorbed from the GI tract (oral). Common side effects of AZO Urinary Pain Relief may include: headache; dizziness; or. [Cl-] Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). . Structurally diverse pyridinium salts are quite familiar structures in many natural products and bioactive pharmaceuticals. Allergy/hypersensitivity to Tylenol and aniline in general population is a common occurrence. Children—The dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. Myasthenic weakness includes double vision, droopy eyelids, shortness of breath, trouble swallowing and arm or leg weakness. Urinary anesthetics help reduce bladder discomfort by reducing pain from the bladder wall. Estos síntomas pueden ser causados por infección, lesiones, cirugía, catéter, u otras condiciones que irriten la vejiga. It is used orally as a urinary tract analgesic. Interstitial. Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness inPyridium Dosage. 70% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 5% reported a negative effect. Side Effects. An analysis. Pyridium 200mg Tablet 10'S Mkt: Lupin Ltd. Phenazopyridine has an average rating of 6. Here are two examples of PCC in action. Then pay the standard discounted price of $9. 60% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 27% reported a negative effect. com. The usual adult dose of Pyridium (Phenazopyridine) is 200 mg taken 3 times daily, after meals to reduce the chance of stomach upset. Shortness of breath. GENERIC NAME(S): PHENAZOPYRIDINE HCL . Color Changes in Urine. Since you don't know that, here, I can just tell you that only 90% of the active drug remains at the expiration date. Sword feels clunky as hell especially when trying. 5 out of 10 from a total of 39 ratings on Drugs. Side effects of thyroid agents may include. The problem has been linked to: Use of baths and feminine hygiene sprays. 1,2 Patients may ask the pharmacist about such symptoms as frequent and intense urge to urinate, urethral or bladder burning, and pain during. 68% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 24% reported a negative effect. It was sufficient to ease or erase my IC pain pretty quickly for the first 10 years. Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. you probably won't need anything when you start with bcg, it. A. Piroxicam side effects. Pyridium® (Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride Tablets, USP) Rx Only CAUTION: Federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription. 7496. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Unusual, but still common, pigments that can appear in urine include blue or green. upset stomach. It is used for the relief of burning, pain, frequent urge to urinate, and other discomforts associated with irritation or infection of the urinary tract. Pyridium has an average rating of 7. com. 183 (1992) 344; J. Pyridium 200 Tablet is used in the treatment of Pain relief. fever and confusion. Common side effects may. [DSC] = Discontinued product. Take a phenazopyridine pill 3 times a day (morning, afternoon and evening) for 2 or 3 days. Phenazopyridine hydrochloride is excreted in the urine where it exerts a topical analgesic effect on the mucosa of the urinary tract. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is also available as an IV. Selected from NATIONAL DRUG DATA FILE (NDDF) data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. An unusual urine color also can be a sign of a health problem. Tablet, Oral: AZO Urinary Pain Relief: 99. 65% of reviewers reported a positive experience, while 21% reported a negative experience. This is normal. Pyridium é um analgésico do trato urinário, indicado para aliviar dor, ardor ou desconforto ao urinar, sintomas comuns de infecções no sistema urinário. Condition. com. This medication is used to relieve symptoms caused by irritation of the urinary tract such as pain, burning, and the feeling of needing to urinate urg. During the first year of life, the incidence of UTI is approximately 0. D: The patient should be instructed to void no more frequently than every 3 hours to avoid stasis of urine and accumulation of bacteria. Alexandru T. Pyridium and Azo are both medications used to relieve symptoms related to urinary tract infections and other urinary tract issues. Search rexall. Urinalysis: A Comprehensive Review. Your treatments may cause you to feel: Pain or a burning sensation when you are urinating. No significant drug interactions have been reported with Pyridium use. You do not need to use a lot. 4 out of 10 from a total of 22 ratings on Drugs. Pyrvinium is believed to interfere with glucose uptake by pinworms 3. Our team of scientists has experience in all areas of research including Life Science, Material Science, Chemical Synthesis, Chromatography, Analytical and many others. Slaughtered Jul 15, 2022 @ 11:55am. More specifically, on the fundamental understanding and application of catalytic processes and the development of simple reagents. Urinary Anesthetics, Pyridium, AZO Bladder Pain Relief, Uribel. We report in this work a combined experimental and computational study on the molecular level structuring of binary ionic liquid mixtures comprising pyridium cations. When used concomitantly with an antibacterial agent for the treatment of a urinary tract infection, the administration of Phenazopyridine HCl should not exceed 2 days. 1. AZO Urinary Pain Relief [OTC] Pyridium. Human papillomavirus. In order to get a further insight into the passivation mechanism of PyI, we conducted X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements on the perovskite with and without the treatment of PyI, and the core-level spectra of Pb 4f, I 4d and C 1s regions are shown in Figs. 0 out of 10 from a total of 186 ratings on Drugs. Condition. confusion, loss of appetite, pain in your side or lower back; fever, pale or yellowed skin, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting; or. You may not want to wear your contacts while taking this medicine. There are no adequate and well. To the Editor: An 86-year-old man presented with recurrent fatigue and exertional dyspnea for 2 months. S. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. Patient/caregiver was educated on contraindications for using Pyridium as follows: Pyridium is metabolized in the liver to two important metabolites, acetaminophen/tylenol and aniline. Check with your doctor before taking phenazopyridine if you have kidney or liver problems or are pregnant or breastfeeding. Call the office to make an appointment. E. 10 tablets in 1 strip. Also, phenazopyridine is available OTC at a lower strength as AZO Standard. Phenazopyridine is used to relieve the pain, burning, and discomfort caused by urinary tract infections. It’s not safe to use phenazopyridine (. show all brand names. 12. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH−) replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is slightly soluble in cold water, ethanol, and lanolin; soluble in boiling water, acetic acid, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol; and insoluble in acetone. It provides bromine molecule in the reaction. Pyridium Prices, Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs. Pyridium has an average rating of 7. UTIs are much more common among women than men. A. This medication is used to relieve symptoms caused by irritation of the urinary tract such as pain, burning, and the feeling of needing to urinate urgently or often. Read More. Como Usar (Posologia) Pyridium 100 mg: adultos: 2 drágeas, 3 vezes ao dia após as refeições. com. Our tablets are filled with the highest pain relief dose available without a prescription and specifically formulated to target the source of UTI pain and urinary discomfort. If the symptoms do not improve within this time or worsen at any time, talk with your doctor. It stains clothing orange and can cause serious side effects in some people. ChEBI. Calcium oxalate bihydrate crystals appear as colorless bipyramids of various sizes (“envelope form”, above left). com. Excretion: Via urine (65% as unchanged drug; 18% as paracetamol). You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. They may occur as either bihydrated or monohydrated calcium oxalate. Certain foods, diseases, and medications can change your urine to pink, red, orange, brown, green, blue, purple, and black. Phenazopyridine is a readily. This drug should not be used longer than 2 days concomitantly with an antibacterial, because of the lack of evidence that the combined administration of this drug and an. There are no adequate reports or well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Phenazopyridine is an azo dye used to treat dysuria for symptomatic relief of pain, urgency, burning, frequency and other discomforts arising from irritation of the lower urinary tract mucosa. Sea of Thieves is an action-adventure free-roaming pirate video game developed by Rare and published…Pythium. It really depends on what the initial drug lot's expiration date was. Foods such as beets, blackberries and fava beans can turn urine pink or red, for example. A variety of related compounds are known with similar reactivity. The most common colors you might notice are shades of brown, red, or orange. Headache, dizziness, or stomach upset may occur. Buscopan is a powerful smooth muscle relaxant, effective when given by mouth or by injection. Learn how we can help. Phenazopyridine causes the urine to turn reddish orange . unusual tiredness or weakness. It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like smell. Common Pyridium side effects may include: headache; dizziness; or. Expressive speech remains normal. Pyridium. A pterygium is a type of growth on the eye. Kavaler adds. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The actions of urinary analgesics like. Uses. Pyridine is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant smell. 21 for refills at Walgreens. Midstream clean collection is acceptable in most situations, but the. (11) Liver and kidney diseases, as well as urinary tract infections, can also produce a brownish tint. Urine and tears will return to normal. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy. AFFILIATIONS: 1 Department of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Franciscan Healthcare, LaCrosse, Wisconsin 2 Department of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Rochester, Minnesota. A ban may be the case, if you lost connection while invading frequently. resulting from a lower urinary tract infection, injury, catheter, surgery, or any examination procedures. Please donate! Funds go solely to hosting and development costs that allow medical practitioners around the globe to freely access WikEM. com. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction (hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin. Pyrylium tetrafluoroborate ≥95%; CAS Number: 80279-50-1; Synonyms: Pyry-BF4; find Sigma-Aldrich-906719 MSDS, related. 21. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) happen when bacteria get into the urethra and travel up into the bladder. Description. Phenazopyridine belongs to the class of medications called urinary tract analgesics. See morePhenazopyridine (Pyridium) is available both OTC and by prescription. PHENAZOPYRIDINE relieves symptoms caused by irritation of the urinary tract, such as pain, burning, and passing frequent small amounts of urine. Pyridium is a urinary analgesic (pain reliever). 100 mg Tablets: Average adult dosage is two tablets 3 times a day after meals. For relieving pain, burning, and discomfort in the urinary tract: Adults and teenagers—200 milligrams (mg) three times a day. There are no adequate reports or well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Herein, this review aims to give a summary concerning photoinduced processes in which pyrylium salts are involved. only with a prescription; it is available in Canada without a prescription. Cetylpyridinium chloride is a beneficial antimicrobial ingredient in mouthwash. Unusual tiredness. 2012;37(9):Epub. Drug class: miscellaneous genitourinary tract agents. *Prices subject to change without notice. S. It works by numbing the lining of the urinary tract, which decreases pain. Hematuria. It is not an antibiotic. Phenazopyridine tratará los síntomas urinarios, pero este medicamento no se usa para curar. Dehydration. 00001%), or 1 in 5 million (0. This is normal. Over the centuries, these privileged scaffolds have played an intriguing role in a wide range of research topics and, thus, this review aims at highlighting the pyridinium salts in terms of their synthetic routes, reactivity and their importance as. This medication is used to relieve symptoms caused by irritation of the urinary tract such as pain, burning, and the feeling of needing to. Common side effects of AZO Urinary Pain Relief may include: headache; dizziness; or. ask your doctor when the best time is for you to take the pyridium. It is used for relief of pain and burning due to lower urinary tract irritation. Phenazopyridine does not treat infections or injury; it is only used for symptom relief. Phenazopyridine HCl 100mg, 200mg; tabs. Figure 4c show the log S –pH plot of phenazopyridine hydrochloride. Symptomatic relief of pain, burning, urgency, frequency, and other discomforts resulting from irritation of the lower urinary tract mucosa caused by infection, trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or the passage of sounds or catheters. We report the case of a 2-year-old child who ingested a maximum of three 200-mg tablets (approximately 50 mg/kg) of pyridium and. Hb (Hemoglobin) Complete Hemogram (CBC & ESR) Pyridium 100mg Tablet is used in the treatment of Pain relief. The reason the label says two days is because it's usually marketed for UTI symptoms, and they don't want people to avoid getting treatment. This is a quiz that contains NCLEX review questions for urinary tract infection (UTI). Sword feels clunky as hell especially when trying to maneuver with sword hops and the like. It is not an antibiotic and will not cure the infection itself. Seriously ill patients may develop bladder spasms as a complication from genitourinary malignancies, indwelling catheters, or other medical issues. Data sources include Micromedex (updated 5 Nov 2023), Cerner Multum™. shortness of breath, tightness in chest, wheezing, or troubled breathing. Interstitial cystitis may cause: Frequent urination. Pyroxium streams live on Twitch! Check out their videos, sign up to chat, and join their community. my subreddits. F. thank ya i assumed as much. That’s because it’s only indicated for urinary tract infection pain. The typical dose is 1 tablet (50 mg) by mouth daily, or as directed by your healthcare provider. Phenazopyridine is approved by the U. Phenazopyridine, an azo dye, is a urinary analgesic used as an adjuvant medicine in the outpatient setting to treat patients with. Side effects include anemia, headache, N/V, dyspepsia, pruritus, and stained contact lenses. Oral: Administer with a full glass of water; take with or after meals to reduce stomach upset. Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is a yellow-orange salt with the formula [C 5 H 5 NH] + [CrO 3 Cl] −. Rogue. Interstitial cystitis is a chronic condition characterized by painful symptoms including dysuria, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. Rating. Answer and Explanation: 1. 69% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 23% reported a negative. He graduated from University of Georgia with his Doctorate in 1991. It is not an antibiotic. The need to urinate frequently (often in small amounts). com. Urinary Anesthetics, Pyridium, AZO Bladder Pain Relief, Uribel. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The primary pigment responsible for normal urine color is:, A dark yellow urine producing yellow foam may contain:, Which of the following urine colors and causes match? A. 1. This medicine may stain soft contact lenses. 5 and 141. Pyridium has an average rating of 7. This may stain clothing and contact lenses. Nonbacterial prostatitis refers to a condition that affects patients who present with symptoms of prostatitis without a positive result on culture of urine or expressed prostate secretions (EPS). HysterSisters. D. It provides tribromide cation in the reaction. A. Pyridium is a urinary analgesic (pain reliever). Reactions to medication (hives, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) Follow-up: We would like to monitor your progress. 60% of reviewers reported a positive experience, while 27% reported a negative experience. Aged, 80 and over. Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a bladder pain syndrome whose exact cause remains unknown. Children (older than 6 years):Phenazopyridine is a pain reliever that affects the lower part of your urinary tract (bladder and urethra). Pyroxium (Frostmourne) No Dice - 70 Void Elf Arcane Mage, 444 ilvlDetailed character history for Pyroxium, US-Frostmourne: loot history, guilds, build changesMakin VidsPyroxium. Phenazopyridine systemic is used in the treatment of: Dysuria. It contains the active ingredient Phenazopyridine, which provides. Final answer.